Guyana (pronounced /ɡaɪˈɑːnə/ or /ɡaɪˈænə/),[5][6] officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana,[7] is a sovereign state on the Caribbean coast of South America. Although Guyana is part of the Anglophone Caribbean, it is one of the few Caribbean countries that are part of South America. The Caribbean Community (CARICOM), of which Guyana is a member, has its secretariat's headquarters in Guyana's capital, Georgetown.
Guyana was originally colonised by the Netherlands. Later, it became a British colony, known as British Guiana, and remained so for over 150 years until it achieved independence on 26 May 1966 from the United Kingdom. On 23 February 1970, Guyana officially became a republic. In 2008, the country joined the Union of South American Nationsas a founding member.
Guyana is a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations and has the distinction of being the only South American nation in which English is the official language. The majority of the population, however, speak Guyanese Creole; anEnglish-based creole language with slight Dutch, Arawakan and Caribbean influences.
Historically, the region known as "Guiana" or "Guyana" comprised the large shield landmass north of the Amazon Riverand east of the Orinoco River known as the "Land of many waters". Historical Guyana consists of three Dutch colonies:Essequibo, Demerara, and Berbice. Modern Guyana is bordered by Suriname to the east, by Brazil to the south and southwest, by Venezuela to the west, and by the Atlantic Ocean to the north. At 215,000 square kilometres (83,000 sq mi), Guyana is the third-smallest independent state on the mainland of South America after Uruguay andSuriname.
Population - example 750 000
Languages - 11
Ethnic Groups - 43,5 % east indian
- 30,2 % black african
- 16,7 % mixed
- 9,0 % amerindian
Water - 8% surface of the state
Guyana is rich in mines with the purest gold in the world; diamonds; expensive minerals chromium; nickel; molybdenum; hematite; topaz; bauxite ........ despite the incredible sites of the most expensive minerals, is one of the poorest South American countries ................... reason: long-term colonization and the removal of natural resources by Dutch and British colonial authorities .......................
in the area of Guyana live and grow, as well as in neighboring Brazil and Venezuela, a number of endangered and rare animal and plant species...........................................
